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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Environmental lapse rate？

Definition 23.2 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 23 章 — The Atmosphere

The environmental lapse rate is the rate at which the temperature of the air falls with height in the troposphere, in degrees Celsius per kilometre. It changes from day to day and from place to place; the standard atmosphere uses an average of $6.5{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ per kilometre.

示例

Example 23.4 (An airliner at cruising height)

An airliner cruises at $11\,\mathrm{km}$ , near the tropopause. On the profile, the temperature there is about $-56{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . With the lapse rate: from $15{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ at sea level, the air cools by $6.5 \times 11 = 71.5$ degrees, which gives $15 - 71.5 = -56.5{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . On the pressure curve, the pressure is about $227\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , less than a quarter of the pressure on the ground: the cabin has to be pressurised.

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