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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 School Chemistry — Grades 1 to 121–12 年级在线 2 University Chemistry — Year 1本科一年级在线 3 University Chemistry — Year 2本科二年级在线 4 University Chemistry — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences1–9 年级在线 2 High School Earth and Space Sciences10–12 年级在线 3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Equilibrium temperature？

Definition 2.2 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 2 章 — A Habitable Planet

The equilibrium temperature of a planet is the temperature at which a body radiating like a perfect emitter would send to space exactly the power the planet absorbs from its star. The fraction of the incoming light that the planet reflects as a whole is its Bond albedo $A$ .

Equilibrium temperatures computed from each body’s distance and Bond albedo, beside the measured mean temperatures of their surfaces. Data: NASA planetary fact sheets.

示例

Example 2.4 (The Earth)

With $S_0 = 1361\,\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{m}^{2}$ and $A = 0.294$ , $T_{\mathrm{eq}} = 278.3 \times 0.706^{1/4} \approx 255\,\mathrm{K}$ , that is $-18{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . (NASA’s fact sheet lists $254\,\mathrm{K}$ .) The average temperature of the Earth’s surface is $288\,\mathrm{K}$ , $15{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ : the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere warms it by about $33\,\mathrm{K}$ . Without it the oceans would freeze.

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Definition 3.7 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 3 章 — Comparative Planetology

The equilibrium temperature $T_\mathrm{eq}$ of a planet is the uniform temperature at which a black body of the planet’s size would radiate to space exactly the power the planet absorbs from the Sun.

Equilibrium temperature (computed from the irradiance and the Bond albedo) and measured mean surface temperature of four bodies. The atmosphere warms the Earth and above all Venus; Mars’s thin atmosphere does little; the airless Moon is colder, on average, than its equilibrium temperature.

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