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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Eruption, lava and volcanic ash？

又称： eruption · lava · volcanic ash

Definition 8.2 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 8 章 — Volcanoes and Earthquakes: A First Look

An eruption is the time when a volcano throws out molten rock, ash and gas. Lava is molten rock that pours out onto the surface; it flows, then cools and hardens into new rock. Volcanic ash is made of tiny pieces of rock and glass blown into the air by an eruption; it falls back like a grey snow.

A volcano erupting (drawn, not to scale). Molten rock rises from deep below and comes out at the top: it flows down as lava, while ash and gas are blown up into the sky. Each eruption adds a new layer to the mountain.

A runny eruption: lava pours down a sea cliff into the ocean, in Hawaii. Photograph: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (public domain).

A runny eruption: lava pours down a sea cliff into the ocean, in Hawaii. Photograph: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (public domain).

示例

Example 8.3 (Mount St. Helens, 1980)

In the spring of 1980, a bulge grew on the side of Mount St. Helens, as molten rock pushed up inside the mountain. On the morning of 18 May, a small earthquake shook the mountain, the bulge slid away in a giant landslide, and the volcano exploded sideways and upwards. The top 400 metres of the mountain were gone: the summit became a huge crater.

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