全部书籍

1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Physics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Physics10–12 年级在线 3 University Physics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Physics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Physics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 School Chemistry — Grades 1 to 121–12 年级在线 2 University Chemistry — Year 1本科一年级在线 3 University Chemistry — Year 2本科二年级在线 4 University Chemistry — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Biology1–9 年级在线 2 High School Biology10–12 年级在线 3 University Biology — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Biology — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Biology — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences1–9 年级在线 2 High School Earth and Space Sciences10–12 年级在线 3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

全部游戏 Math Fuse Word Reactor Atlas Dash

应用关于

Coach

English Français Español Nederlands Português हिन्दी العربية Bahasa Indonesia 简体中文 বাংলা

登录开始阅读

书籍暂未推出简体中文版——当前显示英文版。

Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Factor of safety, debris flow？

又称： factor of safety · debris flow

Definition 28.7 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 28 章 — Geological Hazards and Risk

The factor of safety $F$ of a slope along a potential slip surface is the ratio of the shear strength available on the surface to the shear stress required for equilibrium. The slope is stable for $F > 1$ and fails when $F$ falls to 1. A debris flow is a rapid flow of water-saturated mud, sand, gravel, boulders and wood that moves down a channel as one dense mass, the grains carrying much of its weight, and spreads on the fan at the mouth of the channel.

Left: the infinite slope, a layer of thickness z on a slip surface parallel to the ground, with a column of weight W. Right: its factor of safety against the pore-pressure ratio, for c' = 5\, kPa, ' = 35, = 19\, kN\, m-3 and z = 2\, m, at three slope angles. Rising pore pressure brings each slope to failure. — Left: the infinite slope, a layer of thickness $z$ on a slip surface parallel to the ground, with a column of weight $W$ . Right: its factor of safety against the pore-pressure ratio, for $c' = 5\,\mathrm{kPa}$ , $\varphi' = 35{}^{\circ}$ , $\gamma = 19\,\mathrm{kN}\,\mathrm{m}^{-3}$ and $z = 2\,\mathrm{m}$ , at three slope angles. Rising pore pressure brings each slope to failure.

Left: the infinite slope, a layer of thickness z on a slip surface parallel to the ground, with a column of weight W. Right: its factor of safety against the pore-pressure ratio, for c' = 5\, kPa, ' = 35, = 19\, kN\, m-3 and z = 2\, m, at three slope angles. Rising pore pressure brings each slope to failure. — Left: the infinite slope, a layer of thickness $z$ on a slip surface parallel to the ground, with a column of weight $W$ . Right: its factor of safety against the pore-pressure ratio, for $c' = 5\,\mathrm{kPa}$ , $\varphi' = 35{}^{\circ}$ , $\gamma = 19\,\mathrm{kN}\,\mathrm{m}^{-3}$ and $z = 2\,\mathrm{m}$ , at three slope angles. Rising pore pressure brings each slope to failure.

Debris-flow deposits on the fan of Caraballeda, on the coast of Venezuela, after the storm of December 1999: the flows left the main channel and buried the town under boulders. Photograph: Lawson Smith, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (public domain).

在原文中阅读 →