什么是 Normal, reverse, thrust, strike-slip and oblique-slip faults？

A fault whose slip vector lies along the dip line ($r = \pm90{}^{\circ}$) is a dip-slip fault: a normal fault when the hanging wall has moved down ($r = -90{}^{\circ}$), a reverse fault when it has moved up ($r = 90{}^{\circ}$). A thrust fault is a reverse fault that dips $45{}^{\circ}$ or less. A fault whose slip is parallel to its strike ($r = 0$ or $180{}^{\circ}$) is a strike-slip fault; such faults are usually near vertical. A strike-slip fault is dextral (right-lateral) when an observer standing on one side sees the other side moved to the right, sinistral (left-lateral) when to the left. A fault whose slip has both a strike-slip and a dip-slip component is an oblique-slip fault; in practice a fault is named after its larger component, so that a rake near $-90{}^{\circ}$ is called normal.