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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Palaeostress, Wallace–Bott hypothesis, stress ratio, fault-slip inversion？

又称： palaeostress · stress ratio · Wallace--Bott hypothesis · fault-slip inversion

Definition 8.9 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 8 章 — Structural Analysis

Palaeostress is the state of stress that acted in a rock in the past, as far as it can be deduced from the structures it left: in practice, the directions of the principal stresses and the stress ratio

\Phi = \frac{\sigma_2 - \sigma_3}{\sigma_1 - \sigma_3}, \qquad 0 \le \Phi \le 1 .

The Wallace–Bott hypothesis states that a fault slips parallel to the shear stress resolved on its plane by a uniform stress, each fault independently. A fault-slip inversion is the search for the principal directions and the stress ratio whose predicted slip directions best fit a set of measured faults and striations.

Fault-slip data of the Varden Hills on the equal-area net, lower hemisphere: five fault planes (great circles) with the slip direction of each hanging wall (dots), and the principal stresses of the best-fitting stress: _1 vertical (square), _2 and _3 horizontal (diamonds and triangles, at both ends of each axis). The main fault, dipping 60 towards 120, contains _2 and slips straight down its dip; the others slip obliquely. — Fault-slip data of the Varden Hills on the equal-area net, lower hemisphere: five fault planes (great circles) with the slip direction of each hanging wall (dots), and the principal stresses of the best-fitting stress: $\sigma_1$ vertical (square), $\sigma_2$ and $\sigma_3$ horizontal (diamonds and triangles, at both ends of each axis). The main fault, dipping $60{}^{\circ}$ towards $120{}^{\circ}$ , contains $\sigma_2$ and slips straight down its dip; the others slip obliquely.

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