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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Potential temperature？

Definition 26.7 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 26 章 — Structure of the Atmosphere and the Ocean

The potential temperature $\theta$ of a parcel of dry air is the temperature it would have if brought adiabatically to the reference pressure $p_0 = 1000\,\mathrm{hPa}$ : $\theta = T\,(1000/p)^{2/7}$ with $p$ in hectopascals and $T$ in kelvins.

示例

Example 26.8 (The tropopause of the standard atmosphere)

At the surface of the standard, $\theta = 288.15 \times (1000/1013.25)^{2/7} = 287.07\,\mathrm{K}$ . At the tropopause, $T = 216.65\,\mathrm{K}$ and $p = 226.32\,\mathrm{hPa}$ : $\theta = 216.65 \times (1000/226.32)^{2/7} = 216.65 \times 1.529 = 331.2\,\mathrm{K}$ . Air from the tropopause brought down adiabatically to $1000\,\mathrm{hPa}$ would arrive at $331.2\,\mathrm{K}$ , $44\,\mathrm{K}$ warmer than surface air brought to the same pressure. The temperature falls by $71.5\,\mathrm{K}$ from the ground to the tropopause, yet the potential temperature rises by $44\,\mathrm{K}$ .

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