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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Relative motion; absolute motion？

又称： relative motion · absolute motion

Definition 13.4 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 13 章 — Plates and Their Motions

The relative motion of a plate $A$ with respect to a plate $B$ is its motion as seen by an observer standing on $B$ . The absolute motion of a plate is its motion with respect to a frame attached to the deep Earth, for instance a set of hotspots assumed fixed, or the frame in which the lithosphere as a whole does not turn.

示例

Example 13.7 (The San Andreas fault)

In central California, at $35.5{}^{\circ}$ North and $120.5{}^{\circ}$ West, the rotation poles give the Pacific plate the velocity $(-42.1, +26.4)$ and the North American plate $(-11.9, -14.8)$ , in millimetres a year (east, north), in the frame of the whole lithosphere. The Pacific plate relative to North America moves at $(-42.1 + 11.9,\ 26.4 + 14.8) = (-30.2, +41.2)$ , that is $\sqrt{30.2^2 + 41.2^2} \approx 51\,\mathrm{mm}$ a year, in a direction $36{}^{\circ}$ west of north (figure below). The San Andreas fault, which runs north-west, carries most of this sliding.

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