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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Retardation (in a crystal plate)？

Definition 8.8 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 8 章 — Optical Mineralogy

The retardation $\Delta$ of a plate of an anisotropic mineral is the difference between the optical paths of its two waves on leaving the plate, the slower wave lagging behind the faster.

Light through a crystal plate between crossed polars. The polariser passes the east–west vibration (a); the plate splits it into two waves along its vibration directions, at and + 90 from the polariser (b); the analyser, north–south, passes the north–south component of each (c). The two components have equal sizes and opposite signs: without the delay they cancel, and the plate looks dark; wave 2 lags behind wave 1 by the phase = 2π /, and the sum no longer vanishes. — Light through a crystal plate between crossed polars. The polariser passes the east–west vibration (a); the plate splits it into two waves along its vibration directions, at $\theta$ and $\theta + 90{}^{\circ}$ from the polariser (b); the analyser, north–south, passes the north–south component of each (c). The two components have equal sizes and opposite signs: without the delay they cancel, and the plate looks dark; wave 2 lags behind wave 1 by the phase $\varphi = 2\pi\Delta/\lambda$ , and the sum no longer vanishes.

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