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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Stable air; unstable air？

又称： stable air · unstable air

Definition 4.10 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 4 章 — Why Clouds Form

Air is stable when a parcel pushed upwards becomes colder than the air around it, and so sinks back to where it started. It is unstable when the parcel becomes warmer than the air around it and keeps rising on its own.

A parcel rising from the ground at 28 C with a dew point of 16 C (computed): it cools at the dry rate until its temperature meets its dew point at 1.5\, km, then at the slower saturated rate. Two invented soundings: in A, the parcel is warmer than its surroundings from 1.5\, km up to the warm layer near 4\, km, and a cumulus grows between them (shaded); in B, warmer air above the ground keeps the parcel colder than its surroundings everywhere: stable air, no cumulus. — A parcel rising from the ground at $28{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ with a dew point of $16{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ (computed): it cools at the dry rate until its temperature meets its dew point at $1.5\,\mathrm{km}$ , then at the slower saturated rate. Two invented soundings: in A, the parcel is warmer than its surroundings from $1.5\,\mathrm{km}$ up to the warm layer near $4\,\mathrm{km}$ , and a cumulus grows between them (shaded); in B, warmer air above the ground keeps the parcel colder than its surroundings everywhere: stable air, no cumulus.

Left: fair-weather cumulus over Florida, with flat bases at their condensation level. Photograph: Ralph F. Kresge, NOAA (public domain). Right: the anvil of a cumulonimbus in the early stages of a storm. Photograph: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (public domain).

Left: fair-weather cumulus over Florida, with flat bases at their condensation level. Photograph: Ralph F. Kresge, NOAA (public domain). Right: the anvil of a cumulonimbus in the early stages of a storm. Photograph: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (public domain).

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