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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Physics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Physics10–12 年级在线 3 University Physics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Physics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Physics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 School Chemistry — Grades 1 to 121–12 年级在线 2 University Chemistry — Year 1本科一年级在线 3 University Chemistry — Year 2本科二年级在线 4 University Chemistry — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Biology1–9 年级在线 2 High School Biology10–12 年级在线 3 University Biology — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Biology — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Biology — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Physics · 术语表

什么是 Entropy diagram？

Definition 23.8 University Physics — Year 1 · 第 23 章 — The Second Law: Entropy

In the $(S, T)$ plane a reversible transformation is a curve, and the heat received is the area under it: $Q_{\mathrm{rev}} = \int T\,\dd S$ . A reversible isotherm is horizontal, an isentropic (reversible adiabatic) vertical; a reversible cycle encloses an area equal to the heat received and hence, by the first law, to the work delivered (Chapter 24).

Left: in the entropy diagram a reversible cycle of two isotherms and two isentropics receives T_h S at the hot temperature, rejects T_c S at the cold one, and delivers the difference as work — the Carnot cycle of the next chapter. Right: entropy created when two equal bodies at T_1 and T_2 are put in contact: zero only for T_1 = T_2, positive otherwise. — Left: in the entropy diagram a reversible cycle of two isotherms and two isentropics receives $T_h\Delta S$ at the hot temperature, rejects $T_c\Delta S$ at the cold one, and delivers the difference as work — the Carnot cycle of the next chapter. Right: entropy created when two equal bodies at $T_1$ and $T_2$ are put in contact: zero only for $T_1 = T_2$ , positive otherwise.

Left: in the entropy diagram a reversible cycle of two isotherms and two isentropics receives T_h S at the hot temperature, rejects T_c S at the cold one, and delivers the difference as work — the Carnot cycle of the next chapter. Right: entropy created when two equal bodies at T_1 and T_2 are put in contact: zero only for T_1 = T_2, positive otherwise. — Left: in the entropy diagram a reversible cycle of two isotherms and two isentropics receives $T_h\Delta S$ at the hot temperature, rejects $T_c\Delta S$ at the cold one, and delivers the difference as work — the Carnot cycle of the next chapter. Right: entropy created when two equal bodies at $T_1$ and $T_2$ are put in contact: zero only for $T_1 = T_2$ , positive otherwise.

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