What is Forms of learning and memory?

The simplest learning is non-associative: habituation, a declining response to a repeated harmless stimulus, and sensitisation, an enhanced response after a harmful one. Associative learning links two events: in classical conditioning (Pavlov) a neutral stimulus that predicts a reward or punishment comes to elicit the response; in operant conditioning an action that is rewarded is repeated. Human memory divides into declarative memory — facts and events, consciously recalled, dependent on the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe — and non-declarative memory — skills and habits (striatum, cerebellum), conditioned fear (amygdala), priming (cortex) — expressed in performance without recollection. A memory is held first in a labile short-term form, lasting seconds to hours, and is consolidated over hours to years into a stable long-term form that no longer needs the hippocampus and resides in the cortex.