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Chemistry · Glossary

What is Non-total reaction, final extent ratio?

Also known as: non-total reaction · final extent ratio

Definition 43.1 School Chemistry — Grades 1 to 12 · Chapter 43 — Chemical Equilibrium: Quotient and Constant

A reaction is a non-total reaction if it stops at a final extent xfx_f smaller than its maximum extent xmax⁡x_{\max}, with all the reactants still present. Its final extent ratio is

τ=xfxmax⁡,0<τ<1\tau = \frac{x_f}{x_{\max}}, \qquad 0 < \tau < 1

(τ=1\tau = 1 for a total reaction).

Examples

Example 43.2 (An ester that stops halfway)

Heated with 1 mol1\,\mathrm{mol} of ethanol, 1 mol1\,\mathrm{mol} of ethanoic acid forms ethyl ethanoate and water, CHX3COOH+CX2HX5OH⇌CHX3COOCX2HX5+HX2O\ce{CH3COOH + C2H5OH <=> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O}. The reaction stops when about two thirds of the acid have reacted: xf=0.67 molx_f = 0.67\,\mathrm{mol} for xmax⁡=1 molx_{\max} = 1\,\mathrm{mol}, so τ≈0.67\tau \approx 0.67. Starting from 1 mol1\,\mathrm{mol} of ester and 1 mol1\,\mathrm{mol} of water, the reverse reaction also stops, with about one third of the ester hydrolysed: the same final mixture.

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