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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Isostasy; compensation depth？

又称： isostasy · compensation depth

Definition 12.4 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 12 章 — Lithosphere and Asthenosphere

Isostasy is the balance in which the outer layers of the Earth float on the asthenosphere: at a depth in the mantle called the compensation depth, every column of rock of the same cross-section, from the surface down to that depth, has the same weight, whatever the relief above it.

Airy’s model of isostasy (not to scale). The crust is everywhere of the same density; where it stands high, it is thick and has a root that reaches deep into the denser mantle. Under the ocean, the crust is thin. All three columns weigh the same down to the compensation depth.

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Definition 11.3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 11 章 — Isostasy and Gravity Anomalies

A region is in isostasy, or isostatic equilibrium, when there exists a depth, the compensation depth, at which the pressure is the same at every point of the horizontal surface, whatever the relief above. Below the compensation depth the rocks behave as a fluid at rest; above it, the columns of crust and mantle float on them.

The two classical models of isostasy, for three columns standing 0, 2 and 4\, km above sea level (heights exaggerated five times against depths; densities in kg\, m-3). (a) Airy: one crustal density, a root 4.5 times the height. (b) Pratt: one compensation depth, lighter columns under higher ground. Every column carries the same mass per unit area above the dashed compensation depth. — The two classical models of isostasy, for three columns standing 0, 2 and $4\,\mathrm{km}$ above sea level (heights exaggerated five times against depths; densities in $\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm{m}^{-3}$ ). (a) Airy: one crustal density, a root 4.5 times the height. (b) Pratt: one compensation depth, lighter columns under higher ground. Every column carries the same mass per unit area above the dashed compensation depth.

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