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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Normalised diagram?

Definition 3.12 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 3 章 — Elements in the Earth

A normalised diagram plots, for a series of elements in a fixed order, the concentration in a sample divided by that in a reference, XN=CX/CXrefX_N = C_X/C_X^{\mathrm{ref}}, on a logarithmic scale. The rare earths are normalised to CI chondrites in the order of atomic number; a longer set of incompatible elements, often called a spider diagram, is normalised to the primitive mantle and ordered by decreasing incompatibility in mantle melting.

Rare earth patterns normalised to CI chondrites (thulium left out, for want of a MORB value). The mean MORB is flat, slightly poorer in the light rare earths; the Hawaiian basalt is enriched in them; the upper crust is strongly enriched in them, with a negative europium anomaly. Data: Gale and others (2013); USGS BHVO-2 sheet; Rudnick and Gao; Lodders (2003).
Rare earth patterns normalised to CI chondrites (thulium left out, for want of a MORB value). The mean MORB is flat, slightly poorer in the light rare earths; the Hawaiian basalt is enriched in them; the upper crust is strongly enriched in them, with a negative europium anomaly. Data: Gale and others (2013); USGS BHVO-2 sheet; Rudnick and Gao; Lodders (2003).
Incompatible elements normalised to the primitive mantle, from the most incompatible on the left. The continental crust shows the high LILE, the deep troughs at niobium, tantalum and titanium and the lead peak inherited from subduction-zone melting; the Hawaiian basalt shows a hump at niobium and tantalum. Potassium and titanium computed from the oxides. Data: as for the rare earth figure; McDonough and Sun (1995).
Incompatible elements normalised to the primitive mantle, from the most incompatible on the left. The continental crust shows the high LILE, the deep troughs at niobium, tantalum and titanium and the lead peak inherited from subduction-zone melting; the Hawaiian basalt shows a hump at niobium and tantalum. Potassium and titanium computed from the oxides. Data: as for the rare earth figure; McDonough and Sun (1995).
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