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Physics · 术语表

什么是 Carnot cycle？

Definition 24.8 University Physics — Year 1 · 第 24 章 — Heat Engines and Machines

The Carnot cycle is the reversible ditherm cycle: two reversible isotherms, at $T_h$ (in contact with the hot source) and at $T_c$ (with the cold one), joined by two reversible adiabatic legs (isentropic, with no source in contact). Run clockwise in the $(V, P)$ plane it is an engine; counterclockwise, a refrigerator or heat pump. In the entropy diagram it is a rectangle.

The Carnot cycle of a perfect gas. Left: in the Clapeyron diagram two isotherms and two (steeper) adiabats, run clockwise; the enclosed area is the work delivered. Right: the same cycle in the entropy diagram is a rectangle of height T_h - T_c and width Q_h/T_h; its area is again -W, and the ratio of that area to the one under the top side, Q_h, is 1 - T_c/T_h by inspection. — The Carnot cycle of a perfect gas. Left: in the Clapeyron diagram two isotherms and two (steeper) adiabats, run clockwise; the enclosed area is the work delivered. Right: the same cycle in the entropy diagram is a rectangle of height $T_h - T_c$ and width $Q_h/T_h$ ; its area is again $-W$ , and the ratio of that area to the one under the top side, $Q_h$ , is $1 - T_c/T_h$ by inspection.

The Carnot cycle of a perfect gas. Left: in the Clapeyron diagram two isotherms and two (steeper) adiabats, run clockwise; the enclosed area is the work delivered. Right: the same cycle in the entropy diagram is a rectangle of height T_h - T_c and width Q_h/T_h; its area is again -W, and the ratio of that area to the one under the top side, Q_h, is 1 - T_c/T_h by inspection. — The Carnot cycle of a perfect gas. Left: in the Clapeyron diagram two isotherms and two (steeper) adiabats, run clockwise; the enclosed area is the work delivered. Right: the same cycle in the entropy diagram is a rectangle of height $T_h - T_c$ and width $Q_h/T_h$ ; its area is again $-W$ , and the ratio of that area to the one under the top side, $Q_h$ , is $1 - T_c/T_h$ by inspection.

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