In a series RLC circuit the resistor dissipates energy by Joule heating (Chapter 12): the free oscillations are damped. Two regimes, read off an oscilloscope:
- pseudo-periodic (small ): the circuit still oscillates inside a shrinking envelope, with a repeat time — the pseudo-period — close to when the damping is light;
- aperiodic (large ): the charge creeps back to zero without ever overshooting — no oscillation at all.
The exact mirror of the damped mechanical oscillator (Definition 28.12).