Biology · Glossary

What is The nervous system?

Also known as: nervous system · brain · spinal cord · nerve

Definition 33.1 Primary & Middle School Biology · Chapter 33 — The Brain in Command

The nervous system is the body’s command network:

  • the brain, in the skull’s shelter (Definition 17.1), is the center: it receives all reports and issues all orders;
  • the spinal cord, a thick cable of nerve tissue, runs from the brain down inside the spine’s protective column;
  • the nerves, white threads branching from brain and spinal cord to every organ, carry the messages — at more than 100m/s100\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} for the fastest.
The loop of every action: report to the brain, decision, order to the muscles.
The loop of every action: report to the brain, decision, order to the muscles.

Examples

Example 33.3 (The catch, replayed slowly)

Replay the half-second: eyes track the ball and report, continuously; the brain, comparing report after report, works out where the ball will be; orders stream out to legs (a step left), trunk (lean), arm and fingers (open — now close). No single organ “caught the ball”: eyes, brain and muscles each played their line of Proposition 33.2.

Example 33.10 (Helmets are for the loop)

Bones mend (Remark 17.3); the brain’s tissue, once badly hurt, mostly does not. That is the calculation behind bicycle helmets: skull plus foam where the body’s own protection might not be enough. Cheap insurance for the organ running everything else.

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