All books

Professional

Apps About Coach Log in Start reading

Chemistry · Glossary

What is Williamson ether synthesis?

Definition 22.3 University Chemistry — Year 1 · Chapter 22 — Alcohols: Activating the OH Group

The Williamson ether synthesis prepares an ether R−O−R′\mathrm{R{-}O{-}R'} by an SN2 reaction of an alkoxide ROX−\ce{RO-} on a halogenoalkane (or a sulfonate ester) R′−X\mathrm{R'{-}X}.

Williamson synthesis of methoxyethane: the ethoxide attacks the carbon of iodomethane from the side opposite the iodine (SN2).
Williamson synthesis of methoxyethane: the ethoxide attacks the carbon of iodomethane from the side opposite the iodine (SN2).

Examples

Example 22.5 (An unsymmetrical ether)

2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane (methyl tert-butyl ether): sodium tert-butoxide with iodomethane gives it cleanly; sodium methoxide with the tertiary bromide, 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, gives 2-methylpropene by E2. Bulky on the alkoxide side, small on the halide side.

Read in context →