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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Convective available potential energy; convective inhibition？

又称： convective available potential energy · convective inhibition

Definition 21.18 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 21 章 — Atmospheric Thermodynamics

The convective available potential energy (CAPE) of a parcel is the work of the buoyancy force on unit mass of it between its LFC and its EL,

\text{CAPE} = \int_{z_{\text{LFC}}}^{z_{\text{EL}}} g\,\frac{T_{v,\text{parcel}} - T_{v,\text{env}}}{T_{v,\text{env}}}\,\mathrm{d}z ,

and its convective inhibition (CIN) is the same integral, negative, from its starting level to its LFC.

示例

Example 21.20 (The energy in the Norman sounding)

Lift the surface air of Example 21.4. It saturates at $964\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , $64\,\mathrm{m}$ up, and follows a moist adiabat. Below $900\,\mathrm{hPa}$ the sounding is itself nearly saturated and the parcel stays a few tenths of a degree colder than its surroundings; then comes the inversion between $908\,\mathrm{hPa}$ and $889\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , where the temperature rises by $4.1\,\mathrm{K}$ in $178\,\mathrm{m}$ and the parcel finds itself $5\,\mathrm{K}$ too cold. It becomes warmer than its surroundings only at $732\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , $2.4\,\mathrm{km}$ above the ground, its LFC, and stays warmer up to its EL at $236\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , $10.9\,\mathrm{km}$ above sea level, just below the tropopause the sounding reports at $235\,\mathrm{hPa}$ . On a fine grid of pressures the areas of the skew-T figure are CAPE $= 2100\,\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}$ and CIN $= -200\,\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}$ with the temperature, and $2230\,\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}$ and $-130\,\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{kg}$ with the virtual temperature: the moisture of the parcel adds its own buoyancy. Parcel theory gives $w_{\max} = \sqrt{2 \times 2100} = 65\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ .

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