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1 Primary & Middle School Physics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Physics10–12 年级在线 3 University Physics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Physics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Physics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences1–9 年级在线 2 High School Earth and Space Sciences10–12 年级在线 3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Secular cooling？

Definition 24.6 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 24 章 — The Earth’s Internal Heat

The secular cooling of the Earth is its slow loss of the heat stored inside it since it formed, the primordial heat: the part of the heat flow that radioactivity does not replace, by which the mantle and the core grow colder over the ages.

The Earth’s heat budget today: what leaves the surface (top bar) and what supplies it (bottom bar). Sources: KamLAND (2011); Davies and Davies (2010); Dye (2012).

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Definition 10.3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 10 章 — The Earth’s Heat Budget

Secular cooling is the part of the Earth’s heat loss supplied by the slow decrease of the temperature of its interior, mantle and core: the release of heat stored since the planet’s formation, at a rate $-\sum_j M_j c_j\,\mathrm dT_j/\mathrm dt$ for reservoirs of mass $M_j$ , specific heat $c_j$ and mean temperature $T_j$ .

The Earth’s heat budget. Top: the heat lost through the ocean floor and the continents, (47 ± 2)\, TW in all. Bottom: its sources, with the radiogenic part of uranium and thorium measured by geoneutrinos and that of potassium estimated; the rest, by difference, is secular cooling, of which the core supplies a poorly known part. The orange bar shows the range of the radiogenic part allowed by the geoneutrino measurements. — The Earth’s heat budget. Top: the heat lost through the ocean floor and the continents, $(47 \pm 2)\,\mathrm{TW}$ in all. Bottom: its sources, with the radiogenic part of uranium and thorium measured by geoneutrinos and that of potassium estimated; the rest, by difference, is secular cooling, of which the core supplies a poorly known part. The orange bar shows the range of the radiogenic part allowed by the geoneutrino measurements.

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