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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 The layers of the Earth？

又称： crust · mantle · core · outer core · inner core

Definition 16.3 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 16 章 — Inside the Earth

The Earth is made of three main layers, from the surface to the centre:

the crust, a thin outer layer of solid rock, a few kilometres to a few tens of kilometres thick;
the mantle, a thick layer of hot, dense, solid rock, down to a depth of about 2900 km;
the core, made of metal, mostly iron with some nickel, from about 2900 km down to the centre. The core has two parts: the outer core, which is liquid, and the inner core, a solid ball at the centre, about 1220 km in radius.

Left: the Earth cut open, to scale; the small grey box at the top marks the part enlarged on the right. Right: the top 100 km, enlarged about 60 times: thin crust under the oceans, thicker crust under the continents, thickest under high mountain ranges; the record borehole in red.

Left: the Earth cut open, to scale; the small grey box at the top marks the part enlarged on the right. Right: the top 100 km, enlarged about 60 times: thin crust under the oceans, thicker crust under the continents, thickest under high mountain ranges; the record borehole in red.

How dense the Earth is at each depth, from a reference model built from earthquake measurements. The density jumps from about 5.6 to about 9.9 g per cm3 where the rock of the mantle gives way to the metal of the core. — How dense the Earth is at each depth, from a reference model built from earthquake measurements. The density jumps from about 5.6 to about 9.9 g per cm $^3$ where the rock of the mantle gives way to the metal of the core.

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