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Chemistry · Glossary

What is Molecular crystal?

Definition 6.14 University Chemistry — Year 1 · Chapter 6 — Crystals II: Ionic, Covalent and Molecular Solids

A molecular crystal is a crystal of molecules held together by intermolecular forces — van der Waals interactions and, if possible, hydrogen bonds — while each molecule keeps its own covalent bonds: diiodine, dry ice COX2(s)\ce{CO2(s)}, ice, sugar.

Snow crystals photographed by Wilson Bentley about 1902: every one has six-fold symmetry, the trace of the hexagonal network of hydrogen bonds in ice. Public domain.
Snow crystals photographed by Wilson Bentley about 1902: every one has six-fold symmetry, the trace of the hexagonal network of hydrogen bonds in ice. Public domain.

Examples

Example 6.16 (Ice)

In ordinary ice each water molecule is hydrogen-bonded to four others at the corners of a tetrahedron: two by its own hydrogens and two by its lone pairs. This open, hexagonal network, imposed by the directions of the hydrogen bonds, leaves much empty space: ice is less dense than liquid water, in which the network is partly broken and the molecules come closer. The hexagonal symmetry of the network shows in the six-fold shape of snow crystals.

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