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Mathematics · 术语表

什么是 equicontinuity?

Definition 7.10 University Mathematics — Year 3 · 第 7 章 — Complete Spaces: Baire, Ascoli, Stone–Weierstrass

A family F⊆C(K)\mathcal F \subseteq \mathcal C(K) is equicontinuous if for every ε>0\varepsilon > 0 there is δ>0\delta > 0 such that

d(x,y)<δ  ⟹  ∥f(x)−f(y)∥<εfor all f∈Fd(x, y) < \delta \implies \norm{f(x) - f(y)} < \varepsilon \quad\text{for \emph{all} } f \in \mathcal F

(one δ\delta for the whole family — e.g. any family with a common Lipschitz constant, or a common Hölder modulus), and pointwise bounded if sup⁡f∥f(x)∥<∞\sup_{f}\norm{f(x)} < \infty for each xx.

示例

Example 7.12

The closed unit ball of C([0, 1])\mathcal C(\intcc01) is not compact (fn(x)=xnf_n(x) = x^n has no uniformly convergent subsequence: the pointwise limit is discontinuous), and indeed (xn)(x^n) is not equicontinuous at 11. By contrast {f:∥f∥∞≤1, Lip⁡(f)≤1}\{f : \norm f_\infty \leq 1,\ \operatorname{Lip}(f) \leq 1\} is compact: bounded and 11-Lipschitz-equicontinuous, and closed. Ascoli explains why compactness fails in infinite dimension (Riesz, Year 2) and what to add to restore it: a uniform modulus of continuity.

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