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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Mathematics · 术语表

什么是 Exterior derivative？

Definition 21.8 University Mathematics — Year 3 · 第 21 章 — Differential Forms and Stokes’ Theorem

The exterior derivative is the linear map $\dd\colon \Omega^k(U) \to \Omega^{k+1}(U)$ defined by

\dd\Bigl(\sum_I a_I\,\dd x_I\Bigr) = \sum_I \dd a_I \wedge \dd x_I = \sum_I\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{\partial a_I}{\partial x_j}\,\dd x_j \wedge \dd x_I .

On $0$ -forms it is the usual differential.

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