Physics · Glossary

What is Static and kinetic friction?

Also known as: friction static · friction kinetic

Definition 16.12 High School Physics · Chapter 16 — Forces and Motion

Friction between touching surfaces opposes their relative sliding. Static friction acts while they do not slide, adjusting itself up to a maximum to cancel whatever tries to start the slide; kinetic friction, once sliding has begun, is roughly constant, directed against the sliding, and usually weaker than the static maximum.

Typical braking distances from 90\, km/ h: the tyre–road friction is the only force slowing the car, and water or snow cuts it badly.
Typical braking distances from 90km/h90\,\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h}: the tyre–road friction is the only force slowing the car, and water or snow cuts it badly.

Examples

Example 16.13 (Pushing the wardrobe)

Push a wardrobe gently: it does not move — static friction cancels your 150N150\,\mathrm{N}. Push harder: at some 400N400\,\mathrm{N} it lurches into motion, then slides with less effort — the weaker kinetic friction has taken over.

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