The group of all symmetry operations of a molecule is its point group, named because one point stays fixed. The number of its operations is the order of a point group, .
Examples
Example 4.10 (The group of water)
The four operations , , , of form a group of order 4. Its multiplication table (row operation performed after the column one) is
For instance a point reflected in goes to , then rotated by about to : the same as one reflection in .
Example 4.19 (An achiral molecule without a plane)
Some molecules have neither a mirror plane nor a centre of inversion, yet are achiral because of an axis: the classic case is a spiro compound built from two identically substituted rings at right angles, of point group . Chirality cannot be judged by looking for a plane alone.