A reducible representation is one whose matrices can all be brought, by one change of basis, to the same block-diagonal form; it is then a sum of irreducible representations, written . The irreducible representation whose characters are all 1 is the totally symmetric representation (, , …).
Examples
Example 5.5 (The hydrogen orbitals of ammonia)
Take the three orbitals of the hydrogens of as a basis. leaves all three in place (), moves all three (), a leaves one in place and swaps two (). With the table: , , . So : the three hydrogens give one totally symmetric combination and a degenerate pair.