全部书籍

1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Physics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Physics10–12 年级在线 3 University Physics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Physics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Physics — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 School Chemistry — Grades 1 to 121–12 年级在线 2 University Chemistry — Year 1本科一年级在线 3 University Chemistry — Year 2本科二年级在线 4 University Chemistry — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Biology1–9 年级在线 2 High School Biology10–12 年级在线 3 University Biology — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Biology — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Biology — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences1–9 年级在线 2 High School Earth and Space Sciences10–12 年级在线 3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3本科三年级在线

1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

全部游戏 Math Fuse Word Reactor Atlas Dash

应用关于

Coach

English Français Español Nederlands Português हिन्दी العربية Bahasa Indonesia 简体中文 বাংলা

登录开始阅读

书籍暂未推出简体中文版——当前显示英文版。

Physics · 术语表

什么是 Critical angle and total internal reflection？

又称： critical angle · total internal reflection

Definition 3.16 High School Physics · 第 3 章 — Refraction of Light

Let light travel in a medium of index $n_1$ toward a medium of smaller index $n_2 < n_1$ . The critical angle $i_c$ is the angle of incidence for which the refracted ray grazes the surface ( $i_2 = 90^\circ$ ). For $i_1 > i_c$ no refracted ray exists: the surface reflects all the light back into the first medium, following the law of reflection. This is total internal reflection.

From water toward air, at increasing incidence: refraction away from the normal, then a refracted ray grazing the surface at the critical angle, then total internal reflection — the surface has become a perfect mirror.

示例

Example 3.18 (Three critical angles)

Toward air: for water, $\sin i_c = 1/1.33 = 0.752$ , so $i_c = 48.8^\circ$ ; for glass, $\sin i_c = 1/1.50$ , so $i_c = 41.8^\circ$ ; for diamond, $\sin i_c = 1/2.42 = 0.413$ , so $i_c = 24.4^\circ$ . The higher the index, the narrower the escape cone: in diamond, any ray more than $24.4^\circ$ off a facet’s normal is trapped — the secret of its sparkle, dissected in Problem 3.1.

在原文中阅读 →