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Physics · 术语表

什么是 Universal gravitation？

Definition 16.3 University Physics — Year 1 · 第 16 章 — Central Forces: Planets and Satellites

A point mass $M$ at $O$ attracts a point mass $m$ at $M$ with

\vect F = -\frac{GMm}{r^2}\,\vect e_r, \qquad E_p = -\frac{GMm}{r} \quad (E_p \to 0 \text{ at infinity}),

$G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11}\,\mathrm{N}\,\mathrm{m}^{2}/\mathrm{kg}^{2}$ . A spherically symmetric body attracts outside itself as if its mass were at its center (admitted; a consequence of Gauss’s theorem, Chapter 26).

The effective potential of Newtonian gravitation: the attraction -GMm/r plus the centrifugal barrier L2/2mr2. Below zero energy the radial motion is trapped between two turning points (perigee, apogee); at the minimum the orbit is circular; at or above zero the body escapes. — The effective potential of Newtonian gravitation: the attraction $-GMm/r$ plus the centrifugal barrier $L^2/2mr^2$ . Below zero energy the radial motion is trapped between two turning points (perigee, apogee); at the minimum the orbit is circular; at or above zero the body escapes.

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