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Physics · 术语表

什么是 Speed, by formula?

又称: speed

Definition 52.1 Primary & Middle School Physics · 第 52 章 — Motion Graphs and Average Speed

For a journey (or stretch of one) covered at a steady pace, the speed vv is the distance dd divided by the travel time tt:

v=dt.v = \frac{d}{t}.

With dd in kilometres and tt in hours, vv speaks kilometres per hour (km/h\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h}); with metres and seconds, metres per second (m/s\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}) — the scientist’s favorite. Like density’s, this formula computes in all three directions: v=d/tv = d/t, d=v×td = v \times t, t=d/vt = d/v.

示例

Example 52.2 (The recipes at work)

A train covers 240 km240\,\mathrm{km} in 22 hours: v=240÷2=120 km/hv = 240 \div 2 = 120\,\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h}. How far at that pace in 55 hours? d=120×5=600 kmd = 120 \times 5 = 600\,\mathrm{km}. How long for 300 km300\,\mathrm{km}? t=300÷120=2.5t = 300 \div 120 = 2.5 hours — two hours and thirty minutes (mind the rebel: 0.50.5 hours is 3030 minutes, never “5050”).

Example 52.3 (Two units, one speed)

A sprinter runs 100 m100\,\mathrm{m} in 10 s10\,\mathrm{s}: v=10 m/sv = 10\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}. How fast is that in road units? In one hour — 36003600 seconds — the sprinter would cover 10×3600=36 000 m=36 km10 \times 3600 = 36\,000\,\mathrm{m} = 36\,\mathrm{km}: so 10 m/s=36 km/h10\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} = 36\,\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h}. The general exchange rate: each m/s\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s} is worth 3.6 km/h3.6\,\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h} — because an hour holds 36003600 seconds and a kilometre only 10001000 metres. Sound’s 340 m/s340\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}, in road units: over 1200 km/h1200\,\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{h}.

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